Cleaning and Surface Treatment Protocols for Repair of Aged Y-TZP with Composite Resin.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cleaning and surface treatment techniques in the repair of aged and contaminated yttrium oxide-stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia (Y-TZP). From a total of 80 specimens of Y-TZP, 60 were subjected to aging simulation in a buccal environment with degradation in an autoclave for 24 hours (127°C/1.5 bar) and contaminated with Streptococcus mutans. The surfaces were cleaned with a triple syringe (air/water jet; n = 20) or isopropyl alcohol (n = 20), or by prophylaxis (n = 20) with pumice and water. The remaining 20 specimens comprised the control group. All specimens were then treated with silicatization (n = 10 per group) or adhesive (n = 10 per group) and repaired with composite resin. Analyses of shear strength, failure mode, and roughness were performed by electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t test (α = .05). Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Two-way ANOVA was significant for aging and surface treatments (P = .049), but was not significant for surface cleaning (P = .05). ANOVA results were statistically significant for surface treatments (P < .0001), with higher resistance for the silicatization groups. The failure mode was mostly adhesive for all specimens. The roughness was not significant for aging and control groups (P > .05). Triple-syringe and prophylaxis cleansing followed by silicatization was the most efficient treatment for the repair of aged and contaminated Y-TZP. There is reduced repair efficiency with the aging of Y-TZP.

Effects of porcelain thickness on the flexural strength and crack propagation in a bilayered zirconia system.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of porcelain (VM9, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany) thickness on the flexural strength and crack propagation in bilayered zirconia systems (YZ, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty zirconia bars (20.0x4.0x1.0 mm) and six zirconia blocks (12.0x7.5x1.2 mm) were prepared and veneered with porcelain with different thickness: 1 mm, 2 mm, or 3 mm. The bars of each experimental group (n=10) were subjected to four-point flexural strength testing. In each ceramic block, a Vickers indentation was created under a load of 10 kgf for 10 seconds, for the propagation of cracks. RESULTS: The results of flexural strength were evaluated by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, with a significance level of 5%. The factor "thickness of the porcelain" was statistically significant (p=0.001) and the l-mm group presented the highest values of flexural strength. The cracks were predominant among the bending specimens with 1 and 2 mm of porcelain, and catastrophic failures were found in 50% of 3-mm-thick porcelain. After the indentation of blocks, the most severe defects were observed in blocks with 3-mm-thick porcelain. CONCLUSION: The smallest (1 mm) thickness of porcelain on the zirconia infrastructure presented higher values of flexural strength. Better resistance to defect propagation was observed near the porcelain/ zirconia interface for all groups. Higher flexural strength was found for a thinner porcelain layer in a bilayered zirconia system. The damage caused by a Vickers indentation near and far the interface with the zirconia shows that the stress profiles are different.

Effects of porcelain thickness on the flexural strength and crack propagation in a bilayered zirconia system

Abstract Objective: This study evaluated the influence of porcelain (VM9, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany) thickness on the flexural strength and crack propagation in bilayered zirconia systems (YZ, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany). Material and Methods: Thirty zirconia bars (20.0x4.0x1.0 mm) and six zirconia blocks (12.0x7.5x1.2 mm) were prepared and veneered with porcelain with different thickness: 1 mm, 2 mm, or 3 mm. The bars of each experimental group (n=10) were subjected to four-point flexural strength testing. In each ceramic block, a Vickers indentation was created under a load of 10 kgf for 10 seconds, for the propagation of cracks. Results: The results of flexural strength were evaluated by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, with a significance level of 5%. The factor "thickness of the porcelain" was statistically significant (p=0.001) and the l-mm group presented the highest values of flexural strength. The cracks were predominant among the bending specimens with 1 and 2 mm of porcelain, and catastrophic failures were found in 50% of 3-mm-thick porcelain. After the indentation of blocks, the most severe defects were observed in blocks with 3-mm-thick porcelain. Conclusion: The smallest (1 mm) thickness of porcelain on the zirconia infrastructure presented higher values of flexural strength. Better resistance to defect propagation was observed near the porcelain/ zirconia interface for all groups. Higher flexural strength was found for a thinner porcelain layer in a bilayered zirconia system. The damage caused by a Vickers indentation near and far the interface with the zirconia shows that the stress profiles are different.

Colonização bacteriana na região marginal de restaurações cerâmicas: efeito do método de remoção do cimento e do polimento / Bacterial colonization in the marginal region of ceramic restorations: effects of cement removal methods and polishing

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de remoção do excesso de cimento e do polimento na formação de biofilme e micromorfologia na região de margem dente/restauração. A partir de dentes bovinos, foram obtidos 96 blocos de dentina (4 mm x 8 mm x 2 mm) que foram moldados e reproduzidos em gesso tipo IV, sobre os quais foram produzidos 96 blocos prensados de cerâmica (Vita PM9,Vita Zahnfabrik; 4 mm x 8 mm x 2 mm) pela técnica de cera perdida. Os blocos de dentina e seus respectivos blocos cerâmicos foram cimentados com um cimento resinoso auto-adesivo (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE) e o excesso de cimento foi removido utilizando diferentes técnicas: MBr:micro brush e fotoativação, MBr-Pol: micro brush, fotoativação e polimento,Pi: pincel e fotoativação, Pi-Pol: pincel, fotoativação e polimento, Foto-Expl: 5 s de fotoativação inicial, explorador e fotoativação final, Foto-Expl- Pol: 5 s de fotoativação inicial, explorador, fotoativação final e polimento, Foto-Bi: 5 s de fotoativação inicial, bisturi e fotoativação final, Foto-Bi-Pol: 5s de fotoativação inicial, bisturi, fotoativação final e polimento. Após 24 h, a rugosidade da região de margem das amostras foi analisada utilizando um rugosímetro (Mitutoyo SJ-400 Tóquio, Japão; três medições em cada amostra). Análise micromorfológica da região foi obtida por microscópio estereoscópico e MEV. Em seguida, as amostras foram contaminadas em caldo de sacarose com suspensão padronizada com Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans e incubados por um período de 48 h. As amostras foram analisadas quantitativamente para aderência bacteriana na região da margem por microscopia de varredura confocal a laser e contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias(UFC/mL), e analisadas qualitativamente usando MEV. Os dados de rugosidade superficial (Ra) foram submetidos à análise de variância (2- way), teste de Tukey (5%) e teste t-student...

This study evaluated the effects of excess cement removal techniques,with or with out posterior polishing, on the biofilm formation and micromorphology in the marginal region of the tooth/restoration. From bovine teeth, 96 dentin blocks (4 x 8 x 2 mm) were produced, molded andre produced in type IV gyps um, on which 96 pressed ceramic blocks (VitaPM9 4 mm x 8 mm x 2 mm, Vita Zahnfabrik) were produces via lost wax technique. The dentin blocks and their respective ceramic blocks were cemented with a self-adhesive resin-cement (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE) and cement excess was removed using different techniques, followed by polishing with silicone tips or, in some cases, not polished at all: MBr:microbrush and photo activation, MBr-Pol: MBr + polishing, Pi: brush andphotoa ctivation, Pi-Pol: PI + polishing, Photo-Expl: 5 s initial photo activation, explorer and final curing, Photo-Expl-Pol: Photo-Expl +polishing, Photo-Bi: 5 s initial photo activation, scalpel and final curing,Photo-Bi-Pol: Photo-Bi + polishing. After 24 hours, the samples marginal region roughness was analyzed using a profilometer (Mitutoyo SJ-400 Tokyo, Japan; three measurements on each sample). Micromorphological analyses of the region were performed by stereoscopic microscope andSEM. Then the samples were contaminated with sucrose broth standardized suspension with Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and incubated for a period of 48 hours. The samples were quantitatively analyzed for bacterial adherence in the marginal region by confocal laser scanning microscopy and counting ofcolony forming units (CFU/ml), and qualitatively analyzed using SEM.Roughness data (Ra) were submitted to 2-way ANOVA, Tukey test (5%)and Student's-t tests. CFU, Biomass and bio thickness data were analyzedby Kruskal Wallis’, Mann-Whitney’s e Dunn’s tests. The removing technique statistically influenced the roughness (Ra; p ˂ 0.05), when comparing polished and un polished groups...

Colonização bacteriana na região marginal de restaurações cerâmicas: efeito do método de remoção do cimento e do polimento / Bacterial colonization in the marginal region of ceramic restorations: effects of cement removal methods and polishing

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de remoção do excesso de cimento e do polimento na formação de biofilme e micromorfologia na região de margem dente/restauração. A partir de dentes bovinos, foram obtidos 96 blocos de dentina (4 mm x 8 mm x 2 mm) que foram moldados e reproduzidos em gesso tipo IV, sobre os quais foram produzidos 96 blocos prensados de cerâmica (Vita PM9,Vita Zahnfabrik; 4 mm x 8 mm x 2 mm) pela técnica de cera perdida. Os blocos de dentina e seus respectivos blocos cerâmicos foram cimentados com um cimento resinoso auto-adesivo (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE) e o excesso de cimento foi removido utilizando diferentes técnicas: MBr:micro brush e fotoativação, MBr-Pol: micro brush, fotoativação e polimento,Pi: pincel e fotoativação, Pi-Pol: pincel, fotoativação e polimento, Foto-Expl: 5 s de fotoativação inicial, explorador e fotoativação final, Foto-Expl- Pol: 5 s de fotoativação inicial, explorador, fotoativação final e polimento, Foto-Bi: 5 s de fotoativação inicial, bisturi e fotoativação final, Foto-Bi-Pol: 5s de fotoativação inicial, bisturi, fotoativação final e polimento. Após 24 h, a rugosidade da região de margem das amostras foi analisada utilizando um rugosímetro (Mitutoyo SJ-400 Tóquio, Japão; três medições em cada amostra). Análise micromorfológica da região foi obtida por microscópio estereoscópico e MEV. Em seguida, as amostras foram contaminadas em caldo de sacarose com suspensão padronizada com Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans e incubados por um período de 48 h. As amostras foram analisadas quantitativamente para aderência bacteriana na região da margem por microscopia de varredura confocal a laser e contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias(UFC/mL), e analisadas qualitativamente usando MEV. Os dados de rugosidade superficial (Ra) foram submetidos à análise de variância (2- way), teste de Tukey (5%) e teste t-student. Os dados de UFC, biomassa e ...

This study evaluated the effects of excess cement removal techniques,with or with out posterior polishing, on the biofilm formation and micromorphology in the marginal region of the tooth/restoration. From bovine teeth, 96 dentin blocks (4 x 8 x 2 mm) were produced, molded andre produced in type IV gyps um, on which 96 pressed ceramic blocks (VitaPM9 4 mm x 8 mm x 2 mm, Vita Zahnfabrik) were produces via lost wax technique. The dentin blocks and their respective ceramic blocks were cemented with a self-adhesive resin-cement (RelyX U200, 3M ESPE) and cement excess was removed using different techniques, followed by polishing with silicone tips or, in some cases, not polished at all: MBr:microbrush and photo activation, MBr-Pol: MBr + polishing, Pi: brush andphotoa ctivation, Pi-Pol: PI + polishing, Photo-Expl: 5 s initial photo activation, explorer and final curing, Photo-Expl-Pol: Photo-Expl +polishing, Photo-Bi: 5 s initial photo activation, scalpel and final curing,Photo-Bi-Pol: Photo-Bi + polishing. After 24 hours, the samples marginal region roughness was analyzed using a profilometer (Mitutoyo SJ-400 Tokyo, Japan; three measurements on each sample). Micromorphological analyses of the region were performed by stereoscopic microscope andSEM. Then the samples were contaminated with sucrose broth standardized suspension with Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and incubated for a period of 48 hours. The samples were quantitatively analyzed for bacterial adherence in the marginal region by confocal laser scanning microscopy and counting ofcolony forming units (CFU/ml), and qualitatively analyzed using SEM.Roughness data (Ra) were submitted to 2-way ANOVA, Tukey test (5%)and Student's-t tests. CFU, Biomass and bio thickness data were analyzedby Kruskal Wallis’, Mann-Whitney’s e Dunn’s tests. The removing technique statistically influenced the roughness (Ra; p ˂ 0.05), when comparing polished and un polished groups. The MBr and ...

Influência de diferentes protocolos de cimentação na resistência de união de pinos de fibra à dentina radicular / Influence of different luting protocols on the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de diferentes protocolos de cimentação na resistência de união ao push-out de pinos de fibra cimentados adesivamente à dentina radicular bovina. Método: Os canais de 40 dentes bovinos (comprimento: 16 mm) foram preparados (profundidade: 12 mm) utilizando brocas de preparo (Nº 3, RTD). Cada canal teve sua região apical (4 mm comprimento) incluídas em resina acrílica e as raízes foram divididas em quatro grupos, de acordo com os procedimentos de cimentação(n=10): G1-sistema adesivo de frascos múltiplos com condicionamento total + pino de fibra nº 3; G2-sistema adesivo de frascos múltiplos com condicionamento total + pino de fibra nº 1; G3-sistema adesivo de frascos múltiplos com condicionamento total + pino de fibra no1 + pinos de fibra acessórios; G4-Pinos de fibra nº 3 sem condicionamento total nem procedimentos de união na dentina. Com exceção do grupo G4, a dentina radicular foi tratada com sistema adesivo de frascos múltiplos com condicionamento total (All Bond 2/Bisco). O sistema adesivo foi aplicado utilizando microbrush (Dentsply) e o excesso do material foi removido com pontas de papel absorventes. Os pinos de fibra de quartzo (Macro-Lock Illusion/RTD) foram cimentados à dentina radicular utilizando um cimento resinoso dual (Duolink/Bisco) e, em seguida, foram armazenados em água destilada previamente ao teste mecânico (24 h, 37°C). Cada espécime foi cortada em quatro fatias (1,8 mm de espessura), as quais foram submetidas ao ensaio de push-out em máquina de ensaio universal (1mm/min). Os dados (MPa) foram analisados estatisticamente pela análise de variância (ANOVA-1 fator)...

Resultados: Os valores médios (±DP) obtidos após o ensaio de push-outforam: G1- 5,4±1,3 MPa; G2- 4,2±2,4 MPa; G3-4,6±1,5 MPa; G4-3,3±1,7 MPa. Anova demonstrou não haver significância estatística entre os grupos (p=0,0966). A hipótese foi rejeitada. Conclusão: A resistência de união de pinos de fibra à dentina radicular não foi influenciada pelos protocolos de cimentação avaliados...

Objective: To evaluate the influence of different luting protocols on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts cemented to bovine root dentin. Method: Forty bovine root canals (length: 16 mm) were prepared up to 12 mm using #3 (RTD) preparation burs. Each canal had its apical 4 mm embedded in acrylic resin and the roots were assigned to four groups (n=10), according to the cementation procedures: G1: etch-and-rinse multi-bottle adhesive system + #3 fiber post; G2: etch-and-rinse multibottle adhesive system + #1 fiber post; G3: etch-and-rinse multi-bottle adhesive system + #1 fiber post + accessory fiber posts; G4: #3 fiber post without etching and bonding procedures to dentin. Except for G4, root dentin was treated with the etch-and-rinse multi-bottle adhesive system All Bond 2 (Bisco). The adhesive system was applied with a microbrush (Dentsply) and excess material was removed withabsorbent paper points. The quartz fiber posts (Macro-Lock Illusion/RTD) were cemented to the root dentin with a dual-cure resin cement (Duolink/Bisco) and were stored in distilled water (for 24 h at 37 °C) before the mechanical tests. Each sample was cut into four slices (1.8 mm thick) that were subjected to push-out tests in a universaltesting machine (1 mm/min). The data (in MPa) were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean push-out bond strength values (±SD) were: G1: 5.4 ± 1.3 MPa; G2: 4.2 ± 2.4 MPa; G3: 4.6 ± 1.5 MPa and G4: 3.3 ± 1.7 MPa. One-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences among the groups. The tested hypothesis was discarded. Conclusion: The push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin was not influenced by the evaluated luting protocols...

Desempenho Clínico de Restaurações Cerâmicas Livres de Metal: Revisão da Literatura / Clinical Service of Metal Free Restorations: Literature Review

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar, por meio deuma revisão de literatura, o desempenho clínico derestaurações livres de metal do tipo inlay/onlay, faceta, coroaunitária e prótese parcial fixa, destacando suas principaisfalhas, bem como a longevidade de cada tipo de restauração.Material e Métodos: A revisão sobre o tema, “Restauraçõescerâmicas livres de metal”, foi realizada utilizando asseguintes bases de dados: Medline, Portal Capes-Periódicos,Scielo, Bireme e BBO. Livros específicos sobre a temáticada pesquisa também foram consultados. Apenas artigospublicados entre 1990 e 2012 foram selecionados. Foramencontrados 400 artigos, dos quais, após criteriosa filtragem,selecionaram-se 70. Revisão da literatura: Verificou-se quea longevidade clínica das restaurações cerâmicas após 5anos de acompanhamento variou de acordo com o tipo derestauração: inlay/onlay (93 a 100%), faceta laminada (83 a100%), coroa unitária (91 a 100%) e prótese fixa (70 a 100%).Diversas falhas foram relatadas durante o uso clínico dessasrestaurações, entretanto, a principal foi a fratura da cerâmica,seguida de descolamento da cerâmica e cáries secundárias.Considerações finais: Pôde-se concluir que todos os tiposde restaurações apresentaram uma longevidade clínicaaceitável...

The objective of this study was to evaluate, througha literature review, the clinical performance of different metalfree ceramic restorations as inlay/onlay, veneer, crown andfixed partial denture, highlighting their major flaws and thelongevity of each type of restoration. Methodology: Thereview about the subject, “metal-free ceramic restorations,was performed using the following databases: Medline,Portal, Capes Periodicals, Scielo, Bireme and BBO. Books onspecific topics of research were also consulted. Only articlespublished between 1990 and 2009 were selected. It werefound 400 articles, of which selected after careful screeningis 83. Literature review: It was found that the clinical longevityof ceramic restorations after 5 years of follow up variedaccording to the type of restoration: inlay / onlay (93 to 100%),veneer ceramic (83 to 100%), single crown (91 to 100%)and fixed partial denture (70 to 100%). Several failures werereported during the clinical use of these restorations;however, the failure reported was the fracture of the ceramic,followed by the debonding of the ceramic and secondarycaries. Final considerations: It was observed that all kindsof restorations showed acceptable clinic longevity...

Prótese parcial removível associada a implantes osseointegrados / Removable partial denture associated the osseointegrated implants: a clinical report

A prótese parcial removível (PPR) conjugada a implantes osseointegrados é um desafio na Odontologia restauradora, pois a biomecânica que envolve dois sistemas diferentes é um tanto quanto complexa. Este relato de caso expõe a instalação de uma PPR associada a dois implantes osseointegrados com encaixe do tipo ERA, fixados na região distal. Após minuciosos exames clínico, radiográfico e realização de modelos de estudo fez-se os planejamentos cirúrgico e protético. Restabeleceu-se função e estética associadas a um grande conforto e satisfação relatados pelo paciente, mas vale ressaltar que mais estudos clínicos são necessários para se ter um posicionamento mais definido em relação a esta modalidade terapêutica.

Pulpal temperature increase with high-speed handpiece, Er:YAG laser and ultrasound tips.

The aim of this study was to compare intrapulpal temperature increase produced by high-speed handpiece, Er:YAG laser and CVDentus ultrasound tips during cavity preparation. Thirty bovine mandibular incisors with an enamel/dentin thickness of 4 mm at buccal surface had their roots amputated and were allocated to the following groups (n=10): Group I- high-speed handpiece; Group II- noncontact Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4 Hz); and Group III- CVDentus ultrasouns tips. All devices were used with water cooling. Class V cavities were prepared to a depth of 3.5 mm, measured with a periodontal probe. A type T thermocouple was placed inside the pulp chamber to determine the temperature increase (degrees C), which was recorded by a data acquisition system ADS 2000 IP (Lynx Technology) linked to a notebook computer. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p=0.05). The mean temperature rises were: 1.10 degrees C (+/-0.56) for Group I, 0.84 degrees C (+/-0.55) for Group II, and 3.00 degrees C (+/- 1.34) for Group III. There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between Groups I and II, but both of them differed significantly from Group III (p<0.05). In conclusion, the use of Er:YAG laser and high-speed handpiece for cavity preparation resulted in similar temperature increase. Although ultrasound tips generated significantly higher intrapulpal temperature increase, it remained below the critical value of 5.5 degrees C and may be considered safe for use.

Pulpal temperature increase with high-speed handpiece, Er-YAG laser and ultrasound tips

The aim of this study was to compare intrapulpal temperature increase produced by high-speed handpiece, Er:YAG laser and CVDentus ultrasound tips during cavity preparation. Thirty bovine mandibular incisors with an enamel/dentin thickness of 4 mm at buccal surface had their roots amputated and were allocated to the following groups (n=10): Group I- high-speed handpiece; Group II- noncontact Er:YAG laser (250 mJ/4Hz); and Group III- CVDentus ultrasouns tips. All devices were used with water cooling. Class V cavities were prepared to a depth of 3.5 mm, measured with a periodontal probe. A type T thermocouple was placed inside the pulp chamber to determine the temperature increase (°C), which was recorded by a data acquisition system ADS 2000 IP (Lynx Technology) linked to a notebook computer. Data were analyzed statistically by oneway ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p=0.05). The mean temperature rises were: 1.10°C (±0.56) for Group I, 0.84°C (±0.55) for Group II, and 3.00°C (± 1.34) for Group III. There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between Groups I and II, but both of them differed significantly from Group III (p<0.05). In conclusion, the use of Er:YAG laser and high-speed handpiece for cavity preparation resulted in similar temperature increase. Although ultrasound tips generated significantly higher intrapulpal temperature increase, it remained below the critical value of 5.5°C and may be considered safe for use.

SEM analysis of the in situ early bacterial colonization on two novel feldspathic ceramics submitted to different types of glazing.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate in situ, the early bacterial colonization on feldspar-ceramics submitted to different glazing. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fourteen standardized disc specimens (diameter: 5 mm, thickness: 1.5 mm) of each of two micro-particulate feldspathic ceramics (VM7 and VM13, Vita) were produced according to manufacturers' specifications for a total of 28 specimens (24 for the analysis of biofilm and 4 for topographic analysis analyzing the ceramic surfaces). Specimens from each type of ceramic were submitted to two different glazing methods composing four groups: VM7 glazed using glazing liquid Vita Akzent 25 (G1) and glaze firing (G2), VM13 glazed using glazing liquid (G3) and glaze firing (G4). Six individuals (n=6) wore oral appliances with four ceramic specimens, fixed on the buccal face of the appliances. After 8 hours, each sample was evaluated for the presence (1) or absence (0) of bacterial colonization under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on five randomly selected fields. The value for each sample was cumulative of the results observed in the fields. One sample from each group was evaluated under a SEM to verify the topographic pattern. RESULTS: There was no difference with regard to bacterial colonization between the feldspar-ceramics and between the glazing types (Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test). CONCLUSION: Feldspar-ceramics submitted to firing or glaze firing with Vita Akzent 25 present a similar condition for in situ bacterial colonization. The similar topographic pattern of the ceramic surfaces seems to have influenced the bacterial colonization.

Influência da ciclagem térmica na resistência à flexão de resinas laboratoriais / The effect of thermo-cycling on flexural strength of laboratorial resins

Introdução: Uma nova geração de resinas laboratoriais contendo micro-partículas cerâmicas em sua composição tem sido introduzida no mercado com a finalidade de melhorar suas propriedades mecânicas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da termociclagem na resistência à flexão de três resinas laboratoriais. Materiais e método: Foram confeccionadas 48 barras com medidas de 2 mm × 2 mm × 25 mm, utilizando as resinas laboratoriais: G1 - RESILAB MASTER (Wilcos, Brasil), G2 - VITA VM LC (Vita Zanhfabrik, Germany), G3 - VITA ZETA LC (Vita Zanhfabrik, Germany). A metade das barras de cada grupo foi submetida a 3000 ciclos térmicos (5ºC/55ºC ± 1, com banhos de 30 s). Os ensaios mecânicos foram efetuados em máquina de ensaio universal EMIC com capacidade de carga de 100 kg e velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Resultados: Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de ANOVA (two-way) e Tukey (p < 0,05). As médias (± DP) observadas para os grupos sem ciclagem foram: G1(112,6 ± 25,39), G2(116,5 ± 18,51) e G3(136,1 ± 24,34); e para os grupos com ciclagem: G1(91,8 ± 18,86), G2(101,9 ± 20,61) e G3(89,9 ± 23,05). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a diminuição da resistência à flexão em MPa está diretamente dependente da ciclagem térmica nos grupos testados, sendo que os maiores valores foram obtidos pela resina VITA VM LC. Entretanto, na condição sem ciclagem térmica a VITA ZETA apresentou os maiores valores.

Introduction: A new laboratorial resin generation that content ceramic microparticles in its composition has been introduced in the market with the purpose to improve its mechanical properties. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the thermocycling in the flexural strength of three laboratorial resins. Method: Forty-eight specimens with measures of 2 mm × 2 mm × 25 mm were made using laboratorial resins: G1 - RESILAB MASTER (Wilcos, Brazil), G2 - VITA VM LC (Vita Zanhfabrik, Germany) and G3 - VITA ZETA (Vita Zanhfabrik, Germany). After their confection, half of each group was submitted to 3000 thermal-cycles (5ºC/55ºC ± 1, with rinse bath of 30 s). The mechanical essays were done in Universal essay machine EMIC with the loading capacity of 100 kg and the equispeed of 0,5 mm/min. Results: The obtained data was analyzed statistically by the ANOVA test (two-way) and Turkey?s test (p < 0,05). The averages (± DP) observed for the groups without cycles were: G1(112,6 ± 25,39), G2(116,5 ± 18,51) and G3(136,1 ± 24,34); and for the groups with cycles: G1(91,8 ± 18,86), G2(101,9 ± 20,61) and G3 89,9 ± 23,05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the decrease in the flexural strength in MPa is directly dependent on the thermo-cycling in the tested groups, being that the highest values were obtained by VM LC resin. However, in the group without thermo-cycling the VITA ZETA showed the highest values.UNITERMS: three point bending; thermo-cycling; composite resin.

Thermocycling effect on microhardness of laboratory composite resins

The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermocycling effect on microhardness of laboratory composite resins. 30 disks were fabricated, 5 mm of diameter and 2mm of width, using 3 laboratory resins: G1 (n=10) - RESILAB MASTER (Wilcos-Brasil), G2 (n=10) - Vita VMLC (VITA Zahnfabrik-Germany), and G3 (n=10) û Vita Zeta (VITA Zahnfabrik-Germany). Vickers microhardness (HV) of all specimens was evaluated using a microhardness tester FM-700 (Future Tech- 50 g/10s). The specimens were measured before and after the thermocycling (3.000 times and 12.000 times - 5º /55ºC±1). The microhardness values before cycling were (mean±SD): G1: 55.50±4.6; G2: 35.54±2.5; G3: 27.97±1.6.; after 3.000 thermocycles: G1: 55.54±3,9; G2: 29.92±2,73; G3:21.01±1.4 and after 12.000 cycles G1:54.27±3.2; G2: 30.91±1.6. G3: 23.81±0.9. Variance analysis (ANOVA) and TukeyÆs test was accomplished (p<0,05), the highest microhardness values were observed in G1; G2 and G3 showed reduction of microhardness values. It was concluded that, after thermocycling, the tested laboratory composites resins are susceptible to the decrease of surface microhardness.The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermocycling effect on microhardness of laboratory composite resins. 30 disks were fabricated, 5 mm of diameter and 2mm of width, using 3 laboratory resins: G1 (n=10) - RESILAB MASTER (Wilcos-Brasil), G2 (n=10) - Vita VMLC (VITA Zahnfabrik-Germany), and G3 (n=10) û Vita Zeta (VITA Zahnfabrik-Germany). Vickers microhardness (HV) of all specimens was evaluated using a microhardness tester FM-700 (Future Tech- 50 g/10s). The specimens were measured before and after the thermocycling (3.000 times and 12.000 times - 5º /55ºC±1). The microhardness values before cycling were (mean±SD): G1: 55.50±4.6; G2: 35.54±2.5; G3: 27.97±1.6.; after 3.000 thermocycles: G1: 55.54±3,9; G2: 29.92±2,73; G3:21.01±1.4 and after 12.000 cycles G1:54.27±3.2; G2: 30.91±1.6. G3: 23.81±0.9.

Variance analysis (ANOVA) and TukeyÆs test was accomplished (p<0,05), the highest microhardness values were observed in G1; G2 and G3 showed reduction of microhardness values. It was concluded that, after thermocycling, the tested laboratory composites resins are susceptible to the decrease of surface microhardness.

In vitro evaluation of the precision of working casts for implant-supported restoration with multiple abutments

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of two working cast fabrication techniques using strain-gauge analysis. METHODS: Two working cast fabrication methods were evaluated. Based on a master model, 20 working casts were fabricated by means of an indirect impression technique using polyether after splinting the square transfer copings with acrylic resin. Specimens were assigned to 2 groups (n=10): Group A (GA): type IV dental stone was poured around the abutment analogs in the conventional way; Group B (GB), the dental stone was poured in two stages. Spacers were used over the abutment analogs (rubber tubes) and type IV dental stone was poured around the abutment analogs in the conventional way. After the stone had hardened completely, the spacers were removed and more stone was inserted in the spaces created. Six strain-gauges (Excel Ltd.), positioned in a cast bar, which was dimensionally accurate (perfect fit) to the master model, recorded the microstrains generated by each specimen. Data were analyzed statistically by the variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (î±= 5 percent). RESULTS: The microstrain values (µepsilon) were (mean±SD): GA: 263.7±109.07µepsilon, and GB: 193.73±78.83µepsilon. CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference between the two methods studied.

Associação de prótese parcial removível com implantes osseointegrados / Association of removable partial denture with supported implant-borne

A associação de prótese parcial removível (PPR) com implantes osseointegrados surgiu para minimizar o problema do duplo suporte existente nas PPRs convencionais que favorece a instabilidadeda prótese. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão da literatura a respeito de PPR suportada por implantes, assim como as características dessa associação e a sua viabilidade, levando em consideração as exigências funcional e estética do paciente.

In vitro evaluation of the precision of working casts for implant-supported restoration with multiple abutments.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of two working cast fabrication techniques using strain-gauge analysis. METHODS: Two working cast fabrication methods were evaluated. Based on a master model, 20 working casts were fabricated by means of an indirect impression technique using polyether after splinting the square transfer copings with acrylic resin. Specimens were assigned to 2 groups (n=10): Group A (GA): type IV dental stone was poured around the abutment analogs in the conventional way; Group B (GB), the dental stone was poured in two stages. Spacers were used over the abutment analogs (rubber tubes) and type IV dental stone was poured around the abutment analogs in the conventional way. After the stone had hardened completely, the spacers were removed and more stone was inserted in the spaces created. Six strain-gauges (Excel Ltd.), positioned in a cast bar, which was dimensionally accurate (perfect fit) to the master model, recorded the microstrains generated by each specimen. Data were analyzed statistically by the variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (I+/-= 5%). RESULTS: The microstrain values (microepsilon) were (mean+/-SD): GA: 263.7+/-109.07microepsilon, and GB: 193.73+/-78.83microepsilon. CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference between the two methods studied.

A influência da osseocompressão na estabilidade de implantes: revisão de literatura / The osteocompression influence on stability of dental implants: a literature review

O uso de implantes orais para restaurar o edentulismo parcial ou total tornou-se uma modalidade consagrada e bem aceita na comunidade odontológica. A osseointegraçãotrata-se de um processo dinâmico que está sob influência qualitativa e quantitativa de tecido ósseo e pela geometria do implante. Para tanto, um dos fatores que têm maior influência nos mecanismos de reparação óssea e sua conseqüente obtenção é a estabilidade primária. A osseocompressão é um princípio fisiológico que está presente na ortopedia desde 1900. Na Odontologia, a osseocompressão funcionalmente controlada serefere a compressão criada pelo procedimento de perfuração e condensação alcançada pela inserção do implante em tecido ósseo, promovendo estimulação fisiológica e desencadeando uma série de eventos bioquímicos que culminam em uma deposição ordenadade tecido ósseo, auxiliando no suporte das forças compressivas atuantes da superfície do implante no leito cirúrgico que se mantém em constante equilíbrio. Sabe-se atualmente que a osseocompressão tornou-se condição crucial no prognóstico de implantes submetidosà carga imediata, e depende de fatores biológicos, químicos e físicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma ampla revisão da literatura dando enfoque àimportância da estabilidade primária e osseocompressão.